American Historical Association
American Historical Association.
Homepage for the American Historical Association (AHA), the largest historical society in the United States. Includes information about membership, affiliated societies, annual meetings, a calendar of events, currently available prizes, grants, and honors, and selected articles from the organization’s newsletter Perspectives. The site also provides 12 short essays by professional historians about teaching history in secondary schools and universities. “AHA Data on the Historical Profession” provides statistics based on recent surveys regarding trends in PhD production, employment, salaries, and enrollment. The site includes a link to “The History Cooperative,” formed in 2000 by four institutions—AHA, the Organization of American Historians, the University of Illinois Press, and National Academy Press—to provide full-text access to recent issues of various history journals and to additional resources, such as The Booker T. Washington Papers.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

American Civil War
Jim Janke, Dakota State University.
A gateway to more than 300 links about the American Civil War. Organized thematically, it offers links to a wide range of primary material—art, poetry, letters, and photographs—and also includes secondary sources such as bibliographies, museums, institutions, magazines, and other gateways. The site, indexed by subject, can help locate a wide variety of Civil War material, ranging from Confederate stamps to information about major battles, re-enactor groups, and the role of African-American troops in the war.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES, AUDIO, VIDEO.
Website last visited on 2008-10-09.

Battle of Chickamauga: An Alabama Infantry Regiment’s Perspective
Mark Williams.
This site presents a “virtual tour” of the Battle of Chickamauga, a September 1863 Civil War conflict, through the perspective of 19th Alabama Regiment. Includes a chronology and a summary of the battle—written by the site’s author—a short bibliography, and brief biographical sketches and photographs of two Confederates, Major General Thomas Carmichael Hindman (1828–1868), and Brigadier General Zachariah Cantey Deas (1819–1882). Illustrated with modern-day photographs of the battle location, this site also offers information about the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park. No primary sources.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

H-GIG: African American History
Department of History, University of California, Riverside.
This site offers more than 50 general links to African-American history resources. Topics range from “Afrocentric” biblical criticism and black cemeteries to museums and university-based centers for black studies. Also lists biographical links to six prominent figures from the African-American past—George Washington Carver, W. E. B. Du Bois, Frederick Douglass, Marcus Garvey, Martin Luther King, and Booker T. Washington—and offers audio or text samples from their works. The site was last updated on July 9, 1998 and currently contains a number of dead links.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES, AUDIO.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

The African-American Mosaic
Library of Congress.
Comprised of 15 essays, ranging from 700 to 1,800 words, and about 120 images, this exhibit is drawn from the black history and culture collections of the Library of Congress. The materials cover four areas: colonization, abolition, migrations, and the Works Progress Administration (WPA)—a New Deal program of the 1930s. Specific subjects include Liberia and the American Colonization Society; prominent abolitionists; Western migration, homesteading, and Chicago as the “promised land” for Southern blacks; and ex-slave narratives gathered by WPA writers. No primary texts are available here, but the essays are well-illustrated with historical photos and images.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2008-10-08.

African-American Perspectives: Pamphlets from the Daniel A. P. Murray Collection, 1818–1907
American Memory, Library of Congress.
See JAH web review by Randall Burkett.
Reviewed 2005-12-01.
This site presents approximately 350 African-American pamphlets and documents, most of them produced between 1875 and 1900. These works provide “a panoramic and eclectic review of African-American history and culture” in a number of forms, including sermons, organization reports, college catalogs, graduation orations, slave narratives, Congressional speeches, poetry, and playscripts. Topics covered include segregation, voting rights, violence against African Americans, and the colonization movement. Authors include Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Benjamin W. Arnett, Alexander Crummel, and Emanuel Love. Information about publication and a short description (75 words) of content accompanies each pamphlet. The site also offers a timeline of African-American history from 1852 to 1925 and reproductions of original documents and illustrations. A special presentation “The Progress of a People,” recreates a meeting of the National Afro-American Council in December 1898. A rich resource for studying 19th- and early 20th-century African-American leaders and representatives of African-American religious, civic, and social organizations.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2007-10-02.

95/75: 75th Anniversary of the Women’s Suffrage Amendment
Susan B. Anthony Institute, University of Rochester.
This site seems to have been removed—all of the links from the main Rochester search are broken. This site introduces the major themes and actors in the movement for women’s suffrage. Created by the University of Rochester in 1995 to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the nineteenth amendment—which granted women the right to vote—the site’s highlights include the texts of 1848 “Declaration of Sentiments” and the 19th amendment; a chronology of women’s rights activism that stretches from 1792 to 1995; biographical sketches of 13 important suffragists; and a bibliography that furnishes both first- and second-hand sources. The authors also provide addresses, phone numbers, and operating hours for nine visitor locations in the upstate New York area, a region important for the history of women’s activism. Finally, the site lists more than one dozen links to additional resources on women in American life, such as discussion groups and advocacy organizations. The site is not regularly updated.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

Touring Turn-of-the-Century America: Photographs from the Detroit Publishing Company, 1880–1920
American Memory, Library of Congress.
See JAH web review by Marguerite S. Shaffer.
Reviewed 2004-07-01.
The Detroit Publishing Company was a mass producer of photographic images—especially color postcards, prints, and albums—for the American market from the late 1890s to 1924, the year it went into receivership. This collection of more than 25,000 glass negatives and transparencies and about 300 color photolithograph prints also includes images taken prior to the establishment of the company by landscape photographer William Henry Jackson, who joined the company in 1897 and became its president the following year. Jackson’s earlier work documenting western sites influenced the conservation movement and influenced the establishment of various national parks, including Yellowstone. Although many images in this collection were taken in eastern locations, other areas of the U.S., the Americas, and Europe are represented. The collection specializes in views of buildings, streets, colleges, universities, natural landmarks, resorts, and copies of paintings. More than 300 photographs were taken in Cuba during the period of the Spanish-American War. About 900 Mammoth Plate Photographs include views taken by Jackson of Hopi peoples and their crafts, landscapes along several railroad lines in the United States and Mexico in the 1880s and 1890s, and at other sites in California and Wyoming; and by Henry Greenwood Peabody of the Canadian Rockies.
Resources Available: IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2007-10-02.

African-American Art: An Introduction
Olu Oguibe, University of South Florida.
This site, created by a professor at the University of South Florida, introduces the history of African-American art through 16 college-level essays written by his students. The essays trace black art in the United States from the late 19th century to the present. They focus on little-known but important figures such as Henry O. Tanner, James Van Der Zee, Aaron Douglas, Charles White, Romare Bearden, and Elizabeth Catlet, and treat subjects ranging from photography and sculpture to museums and postmodernist painting. In some cases, the accompanying illustrations are surprisingly sparse. The site also includes a link to an art history syllabus that offers sample Internet projects, student assignments, and other teaching resources.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

American History 102: Civil War to the Present
Stanley K. Schultz, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
This site reflects efforts to teach an American history survey course entirely through technology. Offers student lecture notes; 32 biographical sketches of prominent figures treated in the course, searchable by occupation, name, and era; bibliographic information; exams and review sheets; and a gallery of more than 200 photographs, many of which are taken from the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. The overall presentation is somewhat fragmented, but the site is rich in resources. Perhaps most valuable is a directory of history websites, organized by subject and time period. Professor Stanley Schultz and his associates have designed the site as a supplement for his videotaped lectures on the post-Civil War period.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES, AUDIO.
Website last visited on 2008-10-09.

Spanish-American War in Motion Pictures
American Memory, Library of Congress.
See JAH web review by Bonnie M. Miller.
Reviewed 2006-09-01.
This site features 68 motion pictures of the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Revolution produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company and the American Mutoscope & Biograph Company between 1898 and 1901. These films include footage of troops, ships, notable figures, and parades shot in the U.S., Cuba, and the Philippines, in addition to reenactments of battles and related events. A Special Presentation puts the motion pictures in chronological order; brief essays provide a historical context for their filming. This site is indexed by subject and searchable by keyword, and includes a link to resources and documents pertaining to the war in the Library’s Hispanic Division.
Resources Available: TEXT, VIDEO.
Website last visited on 2007-10-02.

Multicultural Home Page
Purdue University.
A modest collection of introductory information compiled for the most part prior to 1997 about selected countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The site, “developed by [Purdue University] students interested in sharing information about their home countries,” offers secondary material, including maps, demographic statistics, surveys of cultural resources, music, recipes, tourist information, and historical overviews. The pages are uneven in quality; some include links to additional resources.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES, AUDIO.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

American Leaders Speak: Recordings from World War I and the 1920 Election
American Memory, Library of Congress.
Consists of 59 sound recordings of speeches by American leaders produced from 1918 to 1920 on the Nation’s Forum record label. The speeches—by such prominent public figures as Warren G. Harding, James M. Cox, Calvin Coolidge, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Samuel Gompers, Henry Cabot Lodge, John J. Pershing, Will H. Hays, A. Mitchell Palmer, and Rabbi Stephen S. Wise—deal for the most part with issues and events related to World War I and the 1920 presidential election. Additional topics include social unrest, Americanism, bolshevism, taxes, and business practices. Speeches range from 1 to 5 minutes in length. A special presentation, “From War to Normalcy,” introduces the Nation’s Forum Collection with representative recordings from World War I and the 1920 election, including Harding’s famous pronouncement that Americans need “not nostrums but normalcy.” This site includes photographs of speakers and of the actual recording disk labels, as well as text versions of the speeches.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES, AUDIO.
Website last visited on 2007-10-03.

Making History on the Web: Creating online Materials for Teaching U.S. History
University of Virginia and H-Net .
Designed around a sample American history survey course, this site offers 10 teaching units, each comprised of eight to 12 documents (texts and images), and introductory essays by various scholars. Additionally, some units provide manuscript sources from the University of Virginia’s (UVA) archival collections. The units, covering American history from the Revolution to the First World War, are uneven, and the teaching suggestions are sparse. Still, the materials here are useful as a general introduction. The site, which includes links to teaching and history resources, is a product of a 1996 summer seminar held at UVA.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2008-10-08.

Center for Dewey Studies, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
Larry Hickman.
The creation of the Center for Dewey Studies, this site is devoted to the work of philosopher and educator John Dewey (1859–1952). It includes the tables of contents for each of the 37 volumes of The Collected Works of John Dewey; a chronology of Dewey’s life and work, updated on a continuing basis with new information derived from his correspondence and other sources; a short annotated reading list; an extensive, updated bibliography of titles about Dewey; and information on editorial projects currently underway. The site also includes a short audio clip of Dewey reading an essay and links to the Southern Illinois University Morris Library’s Special Collections site, where seven Dewey-related collections are housed. The Center for Dewey Studies was established in 1961 and has since "become the international focal point for research on Dewey’s life and work."
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES, AUDIO.
Website last visited on 2008-10-09.

John Dewey
William Marmie, University of Guam.
William Marmie—a professor of psychology at the University of Guam—has designed this site as “an attempt to make [the philosopher John] Dewey [1859–1952] more accessible to other cognitive psychologists interested in his philosophy and work.” It thus presents five of Dewey’s works: “The reflex arc concept in psychology”; “The theory of emotion (I) Emotional attitudes”; “The theory of emotion (II) The significance of emotions”; “The psychology of effort”; and Democracy and Education. The last of these is a particularly important work. In addition, the site provides 12 links to bibliographies, discussion groups, and other secondary material.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

The Ernest M. Hemingway Home Page
David V. Gagne.
This site—dedicated to the writer Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961)—presents a timeline, 10 quotations, and 23 short essays (many of them written by the author of this site). Also includes 12 links to other sites. No images or primary sources. The organization of the site is often confusing, and several of the links are inoperable. Presents numerous commercial advertisements. “This is a page for fans of Ernest Hemingway.”
Resources Available: TEXT.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

The Papa Page [Ernest Hemingway]
Marcel Mitran.
This site introduces the life and work of writer Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961). Created in 1995, it offers a photo gallery of 16 images; a “biography” consisting of short essays, illustrated with additional images; a bibliography that includes all works by Hemingway and 27 titles about him; nine quotations drawn from published works; five of Hemingway’s favorite paintings; and 12 links to other sites. Also presents a brief “workbook” addressed to scholars and collectors of Hemingway’s novels. Well designed and executed.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

Votes for Women: Selections from the National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection, 1848–1921
American Memory, Library of Congress.
See JAH web review by Eileen V. Wallis.
Reviewed 2012-03-01.
This site, representing a subset of items from the Library of Congress' National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Collection, consists of 167 books, pamphlets, handbooks, reports, speeches, and other artifacts totaling some 10,000 pages dealing with the suffrage movement in America. Much of the larger collection was donated by Carrie Chapman Catt, the Association’s longtime president. Also included are works from the libraries of some of the organization’s officers and members, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, Alice Stone Blackwell, Julia Ward Howe, Elizabeth Smith Miller, and Mary A. Livermore. Formed in 1890, NAWSA secured the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920 through a series of well-organized state campaigns. The site includes 2 bibliographies of related works on the suffrage campaign, a 700-word essay on Catt, a timeline entitled “One Hundred Years toward Suffrage: An Overview,” and links to 11 related collections. While a special application is necessary to view reproductions of documents and illustrations, texts of documents have been scanned and are word-searchable. Also see the site’s pictorial partner at . Useful for studying women in politics, female leaders, and suffrage.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2007-10-03.

Archives of African American Music & Culture
Indiana University, Bloomington.
This site introduces the Archives of African American Music and Culture (AAAMC) at Indiana University. It provides information on holdings, exhibitions, and events sponsored by the AAAMC, which focuses on the post-World War II era. The site features listings of more than 70 links to sites featuring classical, religious, and popular music, including rock, blues, rhythm and blues, hip hop, jazz, and gospel, as well as topics dealing with African-American history and culture, organizations, and magazines. The site does not feature any audio presentations, and is useful mainly for its links.
Resources Available: TEXT.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

Emma Goldman Papers
Berkeley Digital Library.
This site provides primary resources on Emma Goldman (1869–1940), a major figure in the history of radicalism and feminism in the United States prior to her deportation in 1919. Includes selections from 4 books by Goldman; 18 published essays and pamphlets; 4 speeches; 49 letters; 5 newspaper accounts of her activities; nearly 40 photographs, illustrations, and facsimiles of documents. Materials in this site were selected from those gathered and organized by the Emma Goldman Papers Project, an ongoing effort that has resulted in a 69-reel microfilm edition of her papers and other publications. Additional items in the site include selections from a traveling exhibition, issues of “Open Road: The Newsletter of the Emma Goldman Papers,” 4 sample documents from the forthcoming book edition of her papers; and a curriculum for middle and high school students to aid the study of freedom of expression, women’s rights, anti-militarism, and social change. The site reproduces a 6,500-word essay on the project’s history and a 9,000-word bibliographic essay.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2007-10-04.

The Sacco-Vanzetti Case: An Overview
Robert D’Attilio.
This introductory essay, written by historian Robert D’Attilio, reassesses the case of the Italian-born anarchists, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, whose execution in 1927 for murder remains one of the most controversial prosecutions in American history. D’Attilio writes that “no single account nor any ballistics test has been able to put all doubts about innocence or guilt completely to rest.” Still, “the Sacco-Vanzetti case. . . calls into question some of the fundamental assumptions of American history.” Provides a brief bibliography. No images or primary documents.
Resources Available: TEXT.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti
Atlantic Monthly.
Felix Frankfurter’s 18,000-word article about the prosecution of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian-born anarchists charged with murder and robbery in 1920 and put to death in 1927, is presented here. The piece reflects doubts entertained by many intellectuals about the highly controversial trial. Appearing in the March 1927 edition of the Atlantic Monthly magazine, it provided background as well as a careful analysis of the legal questions involved. Frankfurter concluded that “every reasonable probability points away from Sacco and Vanzetti.” The site includes links to seven additional Atlantic Monthly articles: two on the trial—Katherine Anne Porter’s “The Never-Ending Wrong” and “Vanzetti’s Last Statement: A Record” by W. G. Thompson, the lawyer for the accused—and five dealing more broadly with the American criminal justice system. The site, while limited, is useful for studying radicalism, the red scare, and 1920s America.
Resources Available: TEXT.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

Augusto Sandino
Marco A. Navarro-Genie .
This site is devoted to the life of Augusto Sandino (1895–1934), a Nicaraguan radical who fought against U.S. Marines occupying the region in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Provides original documents and letters—often in English and Spanish alike—as well as biographical data, an extensive bibliography, and several essays examining Sandino’s ideology. The collection of primary documents, some of which are previously unpublished, is particularly noteworthy. The site is the creation of a professor at Mount Royal College, Alberta, Canada.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.

Culture in the Jazz Age
Nick Evans.
This site is comprised of texts and other materials from a writing course at the University of Texas, which focused on Jazz in the 1920s. Includes student projects; a syllabus; daily class assignments and homework; and “message forums and InterChanges.” Also provides five important documents for analysis: the second chapter of jazz writer Henry Osgood’s So This Is Jazz (1926); a 1921 essay objecting to jazz, by Anne Shaw Faulkner; a 1920 short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald; a famous poem by Langston Hughes, “Jazzonia”; and images from the 1927 silent movie, The Jazz Singer. In addition, the site lists three links to other resources.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

The Jazz Age: Flapper Culture and Style
Thomas Gladysz, Louise Brooks Society.
These materials address the “flapper” of the 1920s, with a link to an associated site devoted solely to silent film star Louise Brooks (1906–1985). In addition to a 1,300-word essay, resources include “A Flapper’s Appeal to Parents,” a December 1922 article from Outlook magazine; a 1925 essay from New Republic entitled “Flapper Jane”; sketches by illustrator John Held, Jr.; and photos and information about figures such as Brooks and the writer Anita Loos. Also offers a poem by Dorothy Parker, “The Flapper,” and 11 related links. The associated Louise Brooks Society site, a “virtual fan club,” includes more than 100 photographs of Brooks, images of 36 American and international magazine covers featuring the actress, a link to the adjunct Louise Brooks Studies site for those interested in information on related people and topics, and links to writings by and about Brooks, six film clips, and a few songs written in her honor. Useful for those studying youth culture, popular culture, media, and life in the 1920s.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES, AUDIO, VIDEO.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

American Family Immigration History Center
The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation Inc..
See JAH web review by Hasia Diner and Shira Kohn.
Reviewed 2010-06-01.
Created by a “non-profit organization to raise funds for the restoration and preservation of the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island,” this site provides a searchable database containing records on the more than 25 million passengers and ship crew members who passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. In addition to a basic passenger record (name, ethnicity, place of residence, date of arrival, age, marital status, ship of travel, and place of departure), users can view a copy of the original ship manifest (a text version is also available), and even a picture of the ship. If no match occurs on a name spelling, the site provides information for names with close or alternate spellings. The site includes 2 well-done presentations: “Family Histories,” relates the ways that 6 Americans of diverse ethnic backgrounds found information on their ancestors; and a timeline, “The Peopling of America,” covers six periods from pre-1790 to 2000, with graphs, photographs, immigration statistics geared to place of origin, and a 2,000-word essay on immigration history. Easy to use, this site is an essential resource for online genealogical research and is a valuable introduction to immigration history.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2007-10-04.

New York, NY, Ellis Island—Immigration: 1900–1920
California Museum of Photography, University of California, Riverside.
These 24 stereoscopic photographs of Ellis Island are produced for sale primarily to schools and libraries. Includes an “air” view of Ellis Island; boats unloading European immigrants; and American officials examining female immigrants. The photographs include captions, but no material accompanies them other than a 150-word introductory essay. The photographs are part of the Keystone-Mast Collection at the California Museum of Photography (UC Riverside), one of the world’s largest holdings of historic stereographic negatives and prints. To access this collection, click on “Collections” and type “Ellis Island” into the search.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

Hitting the Sawdust Trail With Billy Sunday
Billy Graham Center Archives, Wheaton College.
This site provides information about the American evangelist Billy Sunday (1862–1935). A 400-word biographical essay, accompanied by seven images, traces Sunday’s background. A 750-word essay with 22 images describes selected exhibit items, including 26 photographs of Sunday, eight photographs of Sunday’s associates, 9 photographs and a blueprint of Sunday’s tabernacles, a prayer pamphlet, a clippings scrapbook, samples of press coverage, and sermon notes. Many of these items are presented as images, not as readable texts. The site furnishes researcher information on the Sunday Papers, held at the Billy Graham Center in Wheaton, Illinois, and includes a link to a website with an audio file of a Sunday sermon on “booze.”
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.

God’s Order Affirmed in Love (G.O.A.L.) Reference Library
Reconstructing a National Identity for Christians.
This site contains a number of historical texts and recent writings advocating the superiority of Christianity and the white race. Historical material of possible interest to Americanists includes Madison Grant’s The Passing of the Great Race (1916); Senator Theodore G. Bilbo’s Take Your Choice: Separation or Mongrelization (1947); Earnest Sevier Cox’s White America (1937, revised edition); The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy by Lothrop Stoddard (1922); Henry Ford’s “The International Jew: The World’s Foremost Problem”; and texts of 23 radio speeches by Father Charles Coughlin. Texts are presented by an avowedly racist and anti-Semitic organization without editorial commentary, but are useful for studying the history of race in America. The site also includes photographs of a number of the authors.
Resources Available: TEXT, IMAGES.
Website last visited on 2002-10-28.